Decompression is a surgical procedure that is performed to relieve pain caused by neural impingement or pinched nerves. A lumbar decompression back surgery involves the removal of a small portion of the bone over the nerve root or disc material from under the nerve root to provide more space and a better environment to heal.
Spinal decompression surgery is a general term that refers to various surgical procedures that are intended to relieve symptoms caused by compression, or pressure, on the nerve roots and/or spinal cord. Thickened joints, bulging or collapsed disks, bony growths and loosened ligaments can narrow the spinal canal and the foramen or spinal nerve openings, resulting in irritation. Symptoms of spinal nerve compression include:
Pain
Weakness
Tingling
Numbness
Unsteadiness
In severe cases, paralysis and problems with bladder and/or bowel function when there is pressure on the spinal nerves.
The surgery is often performed on patients who have a nerve compressed along their spinal cord, resulting in both local and radiating pain. While nerve compression can be caused by a number of things, it is usually a result of one of the following spine conditions:
Spinal stenosis
Herniated disc
Bulging disc
Pinched nerve
Bone spurs
Sciatica
Arthritis of the spine
Facet disease
Foraminal stenosis
The aim of various procedures is to alleviate the pressure on the spinal cord. Depending upon the symptoms, patient’s condition and location of the problem, the surgeon chooses the type of procedure to be performed. However, the most commonly advised procedures is classified as minimally invasive decompression approaches include:
Typically, a microdecompression surgery or microdiscectomy is performed for pain caused by a lumbar herniated disc. In this surgery, a small portion of the bone over the nerve root and/or disc material from under the nerve root is removed to relieve neural impingement and provide more room for the nerve to heal.
The surgical procedure is considered effective for leg pain caused by the herniated disc, most commonly known as sciatica. Medical practitioners commonly refer to it as a radiculopathy.
Typically, an open decompression known as lumbar laminectomy is performed for pain from lumbar spinal stenosis. The goal of the surgery is to provide the nerve root with more room, thereby decreasing pain, and any potential leg weakness or neurological symptoms, as well as restore the patient’s ability to perform everyday activities.
The success rate of a lumbar laminectomy to alleviate pain from spinal stenosis is generally favorable.
Following a laminectomy, approximately 70% to 80% of patients will have significant improvement in their function (ability to perform normal daily activities) and a markedly reduced level of pain and discomfort associated with spinal stenosis .
Recovery after spine decompression surgery will depend on the patient’s fitness and activity level prior to surgery.
In the initial phase, which will last for the first few weeks, you will require help with daily activities (e.g., bathing, dressing).
You will gradually return to normal activities. Doctors usually recommend walking. You should start with a short distance and gradually increase the distance. Doctors also highly recommend a physical therapy, rehabilitation program.
If applicable, your doctor will advise you to wear a brace before you leave the hospital. Unless your doctor instructs you otherwise, other than sleeping, you will need to wear the brace for daily activities.
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